Anglo-Saxon to Post-Medieval Occupation at the Provost’s Garden, The Queen’s College The specialist contributions in this document accompany the following published report: Teague, S, and Brown, R, 2020 Anglo-Saxon to post-medieval occupation at the Provost’s Garden, The Queen’s College, in The Archaeology of Oxford in the 21st Century (eds A Dodd, S Mileson and L Webley), 139–200. Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer

Excavations within the Provost’s Garden, The Queen’s College, revealed a north-west to south-east aligned and heavily rutted metalled thoroughfare, possibly dating from the late ninth century. Its alignment could suggest that it predates the postulated eastern extension of the late Anglo-Anglo-Saxon burh. Occupation to its north included a well-defined plot that contained two timber-lined sunken structures dating to the tenth century together with fence lines and pits. The structures were probably filled during the second half of the eleventh century when the road ceased to be used. The pits contained evidence for flax retting, iron smithing and possibly smelting. During the medieval period and after its acquisition by The Queen’s College in 1355, the site appears to have been waste ground, used for quarrying and for the disposal of rubbish. The fills of the earlier pits produced smithing debris together with horn-working evidence, whilst the later pits contained material related to the college, such as book clasps, styli for writing on wax tablets, and Venetian glass goblets. Two of the latest pits, of mid seventeenth-century date, each contained large assemblages of clay tobacco pipes that may have been deposited during the Commonwealth and Protectorate. In the late seventeenth century a small building was constructed, possibly a workshop associated with the rebuilding of the college at this time.