Proposed Pipeline From Cliburn to Whinfell Forest, Penrith - Desk-based Assessment and Walkover Survey

Following proposals by United Utilities for the construction of proposed pipeline from Cliburn to Whinfell Forest, Cumbria (NGR NY 5890 2440 and NY 5710 2720), Cumbria County Council Historic Environment Service (CCCHES) an archaeological desk-based assessment and walkover survey relating to the application area. Oxford Archaeology North (OA North) was subsequently commissioned by United Utilities to undertake this work.
In total, 74 sites of archaeological interest were identified within the study area during the desk-based assessment and walkover survey, of which 26 had been previously recorded in the Cumbria HER. Sand Wath sand pit (Site 27) was identified by inspection of historic maps. Sixteen listed buildings were identified within the study area and one Scheduled Monument; Wetheriggs Pottery (Site 10).
The 74 identified sites comprised two prehistoric sites, two Romano-British sites, 45 medieval sites, 16 post-medieval sites, and seven sites of unknown date. Out of these sites, 27 were deemed likely to be affected by works associated with the proposed pipeline.
Topographic survey is recommended for earthwork Sites 60 and 61. Evaluation trenching is recommended, within the pipeline easement, in the environs of the section of pipeline situated closest to the Leacet Hill Bronze Age remains and for the Cliburn ring ditch cropmarks (Site 15). In addition to a permanent presence watching brief, targeted watching briefs on sites 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11-21, 23, 25, 27, 33, 34, 49, 51, 60, 61, 69 and 72 are also recommended. The watching briefs should be undertaken during topsoil stripping activities in areas of previously undisturbed ground.